Pathogenic Bacteria in Sea turtles: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention

Abstract

Sea turtles play a fundamental role in marine ecosystems. Even so, they face multiple threats, such as bycatch, pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change situations that increase their vulnerability to bacterial diseases. Among the main pathogenic bacteria affecting sea turtles are Vibrio, Chlamydia, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella. These infections often present with respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and anorexia, and in severe cases, can lead to septicemia. Diagnosing these bacterial infections requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining bacterial culture techniques and PCR. Treatment includes the use of antibiotics like enrofloxacin and ceftazidime, although excessive use of these medications has led to bacterial resistance in some cases. Support therapies, such as fluid therapy, can aid in recovery, along with non-conventional or alternative treatments. Prevention focuses on maintaining adequate environments in rehabilitation centers, implementing biosecurity protocols, and regularly monitoring turtle health. Conserving these species requires an integrated approach that combines treatment strategies and regulation of human activities to ensure their survival and marine ecological balance.