Synthetic Fuels and Current New Challenges

Abstract

Synthetic fuels have emerged as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels, offering the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to environmental sustainability. This article examines the definition and main types of synthetic fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, and those produced from CO₂ and renewable energy. Current challenges in their production are addressed, including technological, economic, and regulatory aspects, as well as international and local applications and case studies. At a global level, projects in Germany, Sweden, and Japan highlight advances in the production and application of synthetic fuels, while initiatives in Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador show the potential of these technologies in regional contexts. The impact on the energy industry includes the diversification of energy sources and the promotion of the integration of renewable technologies, while the market is affected by changes in prices, investments, and employment. Future prospects suggest continued advancement in technology and increased adoption in key sectors, with the need for regulatory support to overcome challenges and foster the economic viability of synthetic fuels. This article provides a comprehensive overview of synthetic fuels, highlighting their role in the energy transition and the challenges that need to be addressed to achieve effective adoption.