Comparative analysis of the ADDIE and SAM instructional models in the design of digital learning environments

Abstract

This article systematically reviewed primary sources that compared the ADDIE and SAM instructional models in the design of digital learning environments. An extensive search was conducted in academic databases, selecting peer-reviewed studies published in the last years. The main findings and theories presented in each source were characterized and analyzed in-depth, identifying successes and failures. It was concluded that both models have strengths and weaknesses that must be carefully evaluated according to the specific objectives, resources, and characteristics of each educational project. While the ADDIE model excels in its systematic and structured approach, the SAM model stands out for its flexibility and adaptability. The selection of the most appropriate model depends on various factors and contexts, and the possibility of combining elements from both models to leverage their respective advantages is suggested. Additionally, future trends point toward agile and adaptive approaches, which could favor the adoption of the SAM model or the integration of elements from both models.